Industrial radiographic apparatus



Oct.- 10, 1944. c, BOUCHER' 2,360,036

INDUSTRIAL RADIOGRAPHIC APPARATUS Filed Dec. 1, 1942 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 l21 4 Q j2 v :1 a INVENTOR CORMACK E.BOUCHER ATTORNEY Oct. 10, 1944. I c,E. BOUCHER A 2,360,036

INDUSTRIAL RADIOGRAIVI-VIIC APPARATUS Filed Dec. 1. 1942 s Sheets-Sheet3 INVENTOR CORMACK E BOUCHER BY ATTORNEY Patented Oct. 10, 1944 U N E'STAT E T FF CE 2,360,936 INDUSTRIAL RADIOGRAIfHIQ APPARATUS .Cqrmec r s.Se tt e-Wa Application Decemher 1, i942, Seria1 No 468*502 19 Claims.

The present invention relates to. radiographic apparatus and while it isnot necessarily limited thereto, it is adaptable for use in specializedfields of industrial radiography.

" Structures, such as penstocks for hydro stations and pipe lines arefabricated in .the field by welding cylindrical sectionscircumferentially together. Such welds cannot readily be radiographed inthe' field for the determination of the soundness thereof with"conventional apparatus.

It is, therefore, an object of the present invention to provide'anew'and improved portable radiographic apparatus which is particularlysuitable for radiographingannular welds in relativelylarge diametercylindrical structures.

A further object .of the invention is to provide a new and vimprovedportable X-ray apa portable X-ray apparatus within a large diametercylinder for the purpose of x rayingannular welds therein.

' It is a o h wer t nventi n o p vide an improved shock prootX-ray tubehousing structure for inclust'ri'alapplication.

Another object of the invention is the pro vision of an X-ray tubehousing structureso constructed and arranged asto facilitate theradiographing of sections of annular 'w'elds of greater length by asingle exposurefthan has heretofore been possible.

A still further object of the invention is to provide a new and improvedhousing for an X-ray tube or other source of penetrative rays wherebythe radiations are restricted within a relatively limited fieldextending generally in a plane andradially of the housing.

A still further object of the invention is to provide a new and improvedhousing .for an X-ray tube or other source of penetrative rays whereby afield of radiation is formed of a general fan shape andv having arelatively wide angle of divergence and of narrow depth.

A still further objectoi the invention is to provide a new andimprovedhousing structure for X-ray tubes which comprise's relativelyfew parts of simple design assembled in such a manner as will permit ofinspection of the tube in the minimum amount oftir'ne.

, A still further object of the invention is to provide a new andimproved shock-proof housingfstructure' for X ray 'tubes'and supportingarrangementstherefor socons'tructed that the tube 'may' be readilyuncovered for inspection without requiring} the removal of the housingfrom the" support or severance of the various tubeconnections.

In accordance with one form of the invention a portable X-ray apparatusis provided comprising a carriage having a suitable framework atone endfor supporting an X-ray tube thereupon an overhanging relation withrespect to the'end of the carriage. A high voltage transformer ismounted upon the carriage and;con- 5 'nected to the tube for supplyingoperating potential. Also mounted upon the carriage. and.suitablyconnected with .the tube v.is a source of cooling fluid therefor. Thecarriage. is adapted to i be placedin the inside of a cylindricalstructure 20 to be radiographed .andthe .tubejsl so. mounted upon thesupporting framework that it ispositioned, substantially inthecenterpihthe cylinder.

A shock-proot housinglis provided forihetube having a, wall sections.extending about the housing and aroundtheenclqsed tube which is readilypermeable to 4 the. Xjradiations so that the field .,lof radiationspassed thereby e itends .radifally QfAthe housin a d;thews ire ti nl i tepl ofjthe annular weld in the cylinder which is to 4 o -lfil h si i aberwld I W1 W p s awe d a l r l-qn rifi Fu th ob ec and .adra te ren.reriq moe iq iq s Q ihe in ent e W llfie we??? m. e re ewi ec ficati tk n. nlcqaee t nl t e a empa i drawin s. w e t o ietu i q of oncvel y .qeraet rizin t e, nventi .w ll ese r f n ea r arti ula'fi y, i lat e slsvap mi d t te t i Pa of .Jheiesteni. siieeloeu Referring to thedrawings, Fig. l is. aside ationl' of an. X-rayapparatusconstructecr ini, accordance "with the presentinventionffliig. 2 :anjend viewoffthetapparatus' shownjn,Fig.

1; Fig". '3' is" an enlarged longitudinal s ivi ewtaken throughQthexerayi tubei j gsh wn in Fi ring; is a viewfin er ective jr'ihtubehousing show'nin igs-r1 J 6 1151 7 "are dia rammaue v ws expl"certain 'iunct'ioi'ial "features of the apparatus of the invention,Fig.8 is'airragfii taryi illustrating an X-ray tub accordance with a.management: the r Inf the renew ng 'descr'iptibu 'thfrad ographicapparatus of the invention will be described with particular referenceto one application thereof, namely, that of X-raying annular welds inlarge diameter cylinders such as pipe lines, penstocks, tanks or thelike. It will become obvious, however, as the description proceeds thatthe invention is not necessarily so limited in its field ofapplicability since other uses therefor will readily occur to thoseskilled in the art.

Referring to Figs. 1 and 2, a carriage I U is shown comprising aplatform base H provided with wheels I2 at its four corners which aremounted at an angle upon suitable brackets so as to engage squarely withthe inner wall of a cylinder indicated by dotted lines H3 in Fig. 2. Atone end of the platform II is provided an upwardly extending frameworkl4 and upon the upper end of which is mounted the X-ray tube housing 55in an overhanging relation with respect to the carriage. The housing I5is attached to a yoke l5 and which, in turn, is secured upon the end ofa shaft [8 supported upon a forwardly extending bracket arm I9 andbearing member 2| rigidly secured to the upper portion of the frameworkM. The shaft I8 is adapted to be rotated by means of a hand lever 22connected therewith as by gearing 23. The shaft [8 may be locked in anypredetermined angular relation such as. by means of a dog 24 adapted tocooperatively engage with a toothed wheel 25 secured to shaft l8.Mounted upon the platform H is a suitable high voltage transformer 21having its high voltage terminals connected to the tube within housingl5 by leads 23.. Also mounted on the platform H are suitable meansindicated at for supplying cooling fluid to the X-ray tube throughflexible conduits 29.

Referring now particularly to. Figs. 3 and 4, the details of the X-raytube housing arrangement IE will be more fully described. The housingcomprises a flat base member 32 ofa generally elongate shape and arecessed cover or shell 33, having a flange 34 around the edge thereofwhich is adapted to be secured in a fluid tight relation by screws 35 tothe edge of the base member 32. 'An X-ray tube 36, which may be of aconventional form, is mounted upon the base member by means ofinsulating tubes 31 and 38 which also support the terminal structuresfor the tube electrodes. The base member 32 is provided with a pair ofoutwardly projecting conical extensions 40 and 41 and within the outerends of which are mounted the ends of the tubes 3! and 38. As shownclearly in the sectional view of Fig. 3, flanged rings 42 and 43 aresecured as by welding to the ends of the cones 40 and 4|, respectively,and which rings are internally threaded for cooperatively receiving thethreaded ends of the tubes 31-38. Lock nuts 44 and 45, which may betightened with a spanner wrench, are provided upon the outer ends of theinsulating tubes for fixedly securing them in position. Threadedlysecured in the ends of the tubes projecting into the interior of thehousing are terminal mounting plugs 41 and 48 also of insulatingmaterial. Collars 49 and 50 of insulating material are arranged aroundthe outside of the terminal ends of the tubes 31 and 38 and to which aresecured the insulating posts 5| and 52 supporting the opposite ends ofthe tube 36 by means of insulating clamps 53, 54.

Electrical connection to the anode terminal of the tube, shown at theleft in Fig. 3 is effected bymeans of a conductive lead 56 connected tothe terminal post of a female connector 51 mounted in the plug 4'!. Thecathode connections may be effected through conductive leads 58, 59secured to the terminal posts of female connectors 60 and Si,respectively, mounted in the insulating plug 48. The ends of the cables28 extending from the high voltage X-ray transformer may be providedwith suitable plug adapters (not shown) for insertion through the outerends of the insulating tubes 3! and 38 and into the jacks 51 and 60, BI.For securing the adapters relative to the housing the periphery of therings 42 and 43 are threaded for cooperatively receiving a suitableflanged clamping ring arranged about the adapter. Such plug typeadapters are well known in the art and need not be described. Theconical extensions 40 and 41 and the insulating tubes 31 and 38 are ofsuch a length as to provide a long creepage path between the conductiveterminals and the housing.

The terminal mounting plugs 41 and 48 form a fluid tight closure for theinner ends of the insulating tubes 37 and 38 while the outer ends of thetubes are sealed in a fluid tight relation within the rings 42 and 43,respectively. Cooling fluid is adapted to be supplied to the tube anodefrom the source of supply through the connector and insulating tube 66while fluid is discharged from the anode structure through the outlet 6?into the interior of the housing. The cooling fluid is returned throughthe drain connection 68 extending through the base member to the sourceof supply 30.

Secured to the opposite sides of the base 32 of the tube housing are apair of cars 10 which extend upwardly at right angles with respect tothe base 32 along the opposite sides of the shell 33.

readily permeable to Xradiations, such as a thin The ears 7 0 areprovided with openings 69 through which fastening bolts may be arrangedfor securing the tube housing to the supporting yoke It on the carriagestructure.

The housing cover, or shell, 33 may be of any suitable shape dependingupon the size and shape of the X-ray tube employed with sufficientclearance between it and the tube so as adequately to withstand theoperating voltages but at the same time compact enough so that thecooling fluid capacity thereof will not be excessivelyhigh. Asillustrated in the drawings the upper portion of the shell is preferablyof semicircular cross section so as to be substantially uniformly spacedfrom the periphery of the tube.

The shell 33 is provided with a window H which may be formed of anysuitable material strip of aluminum. The aluminum strip may be seatedagainst a shoulder 12 provided about the window opening of the shell andwelded on the inside of the shell to a fin 73 extending inwardly atright angles to the shoulder 72. Except for the window H the enclosinghousing for .the X-ray tube 36 is substantially impermeable to Xradiations.

:aeeopee to" pass through the-window-in a relatively narrow, "fan shapedfield with an angle "of divergence -corresponding substantially to180'degrees.

"With "an X-ray tubeof conventional designa field pattern of radiationsof uniformintensity cannot usually be obtained throughout a-full-180degre angle in a plane at' right angles to the axis of the tube forreasons which may be more clearly understood with reference tothe'diagrammatic views of Figs. 5 and 6.

an'I'X-ray tube of common design comprising a glass envelope/86, acathode 8! arranged Within a focusing cup '82, and an anode 83 having aplane .face 84 Within which the target is embedded, the plane of theface being inclined, at an angle 7 with respect to. the longitudinalaxis of the. tube somewhat less than 90 degrees as indicated by theangle (1. Upon bombardment of the target by a stream of electrons fromthe filament 8 l, X radiations are given off from the surface thereofthroughout a hemispherical field of distribu- --tion bounded by theplane 85 of the anode face. .Actually, however, relatively few rays aregiven off-from the anode target in a direction parallel I with the planeof the target so that a. zone of weak field intensity exists nextadjacent to the plane 85 of the target face. Beyond a small angle, suchas five or six degrees as indicated at b,

--from the plane 85 the field intensity of the X.

. radiations is substantially uniform in all directions. Considering thefield of radiations in a planeat right angles to the longitudinal axisof the tube and through the center of the target in .the anode face,-itfollows that X rays will travel= .in the direction of the plane onlyabove the horizontal'center line as viewed in Fig. 5. The fieldintensity in the right angle plane willbe substantirally uniform atequidistant points throughout the angle indicated in Fig. 6 while thefield intensity will be of progressively diminishing strength at theopposite ends of the semi-circle throughout a distance indicated by theangles d. If the :tube :be arranged within the housing so that theface:of the anode slopes upwardly and is positioned under the window in thehousing she1l,.then a 1 fan shaped field pattern of X rays willbepermitted to pass therethrough throughout the maximum angle of Xradiation in the right angle plane of the window.

-With the tube 36 arranged in the housing l lnthe' manner described andthe housing supported within a cylinder so that the longitudi- -na1 axisof the tube coincides substantially with the longitudinal axis of thecylinder in the man- -ner shown in Fig. 7, the carriage is so adjustedlongitudinally of the cylinder so that the plane of e the windowsubstantially coincides with the plane of the weld. The weld will thusbe centered inthe fan shaped field of radiations passed through thehousing window H and also be substantially uniformly spaced from theX-ray tube. A long strip of film in a suitable holder may be "wrappedaround the cylinder 86, as indicated at 81', extending through an anglecorresponding to the angle of the radiation pattern from the tube, and,a similar length of the annular weld maybe radiographed with a singleexposure. It is desirable to provide a certain amount of over- "lap inexposing the successive lengths of film and thus while it is possible toradiograph approximately 180 degrees of the weld at one time, as apractical matter it is preferred to radiograph somewhat lessthanthis'angle and to make three InFig. 5 is illustrated "exposures tocompletely cover one annular..-weld, each providing acertain amountof-overlap of the exposure-on the opposite endsofthe film so as toinsure'complete coverage.

; It'will ;be observed that-theX-ray tube 36 is. firmly "mounted upontheflat base portion '32 of the housing. "structure and'that the unit issupported by the yokefifi through the ears-10 mantling of theapparatus.

.of. the tube 36without requiringcomplete dis- Upon'the removal of .thecoverallof the enclosed parts are fully exposed, suchas for. theinspection of the various conductive connections, tube clamps and anyad- -justmentsrequired thereby can readily be made. It is ,notnecessary. even to disconnectthe high voltage cables-extending to thetransformer or .-the coolingfiuid lines.

.In;;radiographinganannular weld by three separate exposures it will benecessary to rotate .1. the housing VIEsupportedupon-the end of shaftil8. :through. a combined :angle of considerably less-than 3.60..degre,es sothatthe cable loops and -locking device,- such asthe toothed wheeland the dog 24 arrangementsnown.

range of a full 360 degrees.

In the modification-of the invention just described the' maximumoperating angle for X radiographyis limited to "180 degrees or slightlyless. This limitation of the arrangement-requires that'the tubehousing-be rotatably supported upon-the carriage structure and adjustingmeans provided for enabling an operating In the modifications shown in-Figs. 8 and 9 enclosure housings are provided with which it is possibleto radiograph a complete annular weld of 360 degrees =-with a singleexposure from a stationarily -mounted tube.

Referring again to the diagrammatic sketch of Fig. 5, it will berecalled that the ray emitting window H of the previously describedhousing extended in a plane at right angles to the longitudinal axis ofthe tube. Due to the intersection of this plane with the angularly dis--posed plane 85 of the anode face, radiations are given off in thisplane only through a maximum angle of 180 degrees. It will be observed,however, that radiations are given off from the anode target throughouta full 360 degree range in the plane of the anode face. While the fieldintensity in such a plane closely adjacent the plane of the face may berelatively weak at a distance from the tube, as explained above, the

field intensity will be of normal strength'at equidistant points in aplane, such as indicated by dottedlines 88, spaced outwardly away fromthe plane of the anode face. If, then, the tube be mounted within ahousing provided with an annular window and at such an angle withrespect thereto that the plane of the window 'extends parallel with theplane of the anode face, a generally disc like field pattern ofradiations may be produced.

In the embodiment illustrated in Fig. 8 a housing 90 is fixedlysupported upon the frame structure 9| in an overhanging relation withrespect 94 to the frame structure 9|.

to the end of the carriage 92. The housing comprises a base fixture 93secured as by bracket The tube 95 of a conventional type similar to thatpreviously described is supported by means of an insulating bracket 96to the inner surface of the base 93. The tube is so positioned withinthe housing that the sloping face of the anode lies in a substantiallyvertical plane. Arranged about the tube 95 is a recessed cylindricalshell 98 removably secured at its open end to the edge of the basemember 93. An annular window 99 is provided in the cylindrical wall ofthe shell 98 so as to provide for substantially free passage of Xradiations therethrough, the remainder of the housing beingsubstantially impermeable to X rays. It will be observed that the rearor right hand edge of the window 99 is substantially flush with theplane of the anode face while the greater portion of its width extendstoward the left thereof. As previously explained, a field of only weakintensity is radiated from the tube next adjacent the plane of the anodeface while at a slight angle outwardly therefrom the field strengthbecomes substantially uniform at equidistant points. Accordingly, theX-ray tube and housing arrangement of this modification is positionedwithin the cylinder in a somewhat offset relation with respect to theannular weld to be photographed. The dotted line IOI, Fig. 8, representsthe plane of the anode face of X-ray tube 95 while line I02 representsthe plane of the annular weld I03 in the cylinder I04. The spacingbetween the planes IOI and I02 is such that the annular weld I03 will besubjected to X radiations of full normal intensity and uniformdistribution. Care must be taken, however, that the space be notincreased to such an extent that the focusing cup I05 surrounding thetube cathode projects into the line between the weld I03 and the tubetarget to shield off the radiations at such point. The permissible rangeof adjustment will depend, of course, upon the specific design of thetube at hand.

The cathode connections I01 are preferably of a conductive metal, suchas aluminum strips, which will not substantially interfere with theradiations passing outwardly through the window 99. The enclosurehousing may be made fluid tight and cooling fluid supplied to the tubein much the same manner as previously described.

While the apparatus, and more particularly the housings, have beendescribed with particular reference to adaptations for mounting X-raytubes, it will readily be understood that any other source ofpenetrative radiations may be mounted therein, such as a capsule ofradium salt or of a gamma ray emitting gas such as Radon.

Having described the invention in what is considered preferredembodiments thereof, it is desired that it be understood that the invention may be carried out in other ways.

I claim:

1. Industrial radiographic apparatus for making penetrative rayexaminations of annular a relatively wide angle portion of said annularmetal section.

2 Industrial radiographic apparatus for makin penetrative rayexaminations of annular metal sections, said apparatus comprising anenclosure housing for a source of penetrative rays, said housingcomprising walls relatively impermeable to rays from said source, saidhousing including a relatively narrow and long wall portion readilypermeable to rays from said source, said wall portion extending aroundsaid source whereby a field of rays is allowed to pass through saidhousing throughout a relatively wide angle and in a field of relativelynarrow depth for simultaneously penetrating a relatively'wide angleportion of said annular metal section.

3.' Industrial radiographic apparatus for making penetrativerayexaminations of annular metal sections; said apparatus comprising anenclosure housing for a source of penetrative radiations having arelatively long and narrow window provided in one wall thereof, saidwindow extending in the circumferential direction relative to said tubewhereby radiations from said source through said housing aresubstantially restricted to a field of narrow depth and extendingradially from said tube throughout a relatively wide angle forsimultaneously penetrating a relatively wide angle portion of saidannular metal section.

4. Industrial radiographic apparatus for making penetrative rayexaminations of annular metal sections, said apparatus comprising anenclosure housing for an X-ray tube, said housing having an elongatewindow provided in one wall thereof, said window extending in such adirection relative to the position of said tube that X radiationsemanating from said tube and passing through said window are limited toa relatively small angle of divergence in the direction longitudinallyof the tube and to a relatively large angle of divergence in thedirection radially of said tube for simultaneously penetrating arelatively wide angle portion of said annular metal section.

5. Industrial radiographic apparatus for making penetrative rayexaminations of annular metal sections, said apparatus comprising anenclosure housing for an X-ray tube having a relatively narrow and longwindow extending around the enclosed tube to substantially diametricallyopposite points relative to said tube for passing a wide angle field ofX radiations for simultaneously penetrating a relatively wide angleportion of said annular metal section.

6. Industrial radiographic apparatus for making penetrative rayexaminations of annular metal sections, said apparatus comprising anenclosure housing for an Xray tube, said housing comprising wallsrelatively impermeable to X rays, a relatively long and narrow windowformed in one of said walls and being readily permeable to X rays, meansfor supporting a tube within said housing with the target thereofpositioned beneath said window that a relatively wide angle field ofradiations is permitted to pass therethrough for simultaneouslypenetrating a relatively wide angle portion of said annular metalsection.

7. Industrial radiographic apparatus for making penetrative rayexaminations of annular metal sections, said apparatus comprising anenclosure housing for an X-ray tube, said housing comprising wallssubstantially impermeable to X rays, an annularly extending window insaid housing, means for supporting an X-ray tube withinisaid shousin-gin :such a relation to said window that vX rays areepermitted to .passtheretnrough throughout an angle substantiallyequal to- 360 degrees forsimultaneously penetrating a relativelywide angleportions of saidannularmetal section.-

8.- Industrial .radiographic apparatus for makingpenetrative ray--examinations: of annularmetal. sections,. said= apparatus comprising; anenclosure housing-for an X-ray tubeysaid housing comprising wallsrelatively impermeable to Xradiations means forsupporting an X-ray-tube.

within said housing, a relatively: narrow windowinone of saidwallsreadilyi permeable to X rays, said window extending about said tubein a'planesubstantially. parallel to the" plane of the :face: of thetube anode whereby radiations from said tube may,simultaneously"penetrate a relatively wide angle portion of said annularmetal section.

9. Industrial radiographic apparatus for 'making penetrative rayexaminations of annular metal sections, said apparatus comprising anenclosure housing for an X-ray tube, said housing comprising wallssubstantially impermeable to X rays, one of said walls having a portionsemi-circular in cross section, means for supporting an X-ray tubewithin said housing with the longitudinal axis thereof substantiallycoinciding with the axis of said curved wall portion, a relativelynarrow elongate window provided in said curved wall portion, said windowextending radially of said tube whereby radiations from said tube maysimultaneously penetrate a relatively wide angle portion of said annularmetal section.

10. An X-ray apparatus comprising an X-ray tube having a spaced aparttarget and filament, an enclosure housing for said tube comprising abase member, insulating means mounting said tube on said bas member, acover shell extending over said tube and secured to said base member,the target of said tube facing away from said base member, a wallportion of said shell above said tube target being readily permeable toX rays,. the remainder of said housing being substantially impermeableto X rays, said wall portion extending lengthwise radially about saidtube throughout an angle of substantially 180 degrees.

11. An X-ray apparatus comprising an X-ray tube having a spaced aparttarget and filament, an enclosing housing for said tube comprising abase fixture, means mounting said tube in a spaced relation above saidfixture, a cover shell arranged over said tube and sealed thereabout tosaid base fixture, the upper portion of said shell being semi-circularin cross section and uniformly spaced from said tube, a relativelynarrow strip of the upper portion of said shell extending crosswisethereof and being readily permeable to X rays emanating from said tube,the remainder of said housing being substantially impermeable to X rays.

12. Industrial radiographic apparatus for X raying annular welds inhollow metal bodies, said apparatus comprising a support, an X-ray tube,a housing for said tube having an elongated window therein, meansmounting said housing upon said support so as to be positioned therebysubstantially at the center of said anular Weld and with said windowextending in a plane substantially parallel with the plane of said weld.

13. Industrial X-ray apparatus primarily adapted for X raying annularwelds in hollow metal bodies, said-apparatus comprising-a movablesupport, an X-ray tube, a-housing-for said tube having. a relatively;wide-angle window therein, means. mounting said housing in. anoverhanging relation upon said support and held thereby substantiallyalongthe axis of said annular weld said wide angle window extendinglengthwise in a plane'substantially parallel with and relatively closelyadjacent the plane of said Weld, said support being displacedto onesideof said planes.-

14. Industrial X-ray apparatus for X raying annular welds in hollowmetal bodies, said apparatus comprising a. support, an X-ray, tube, ahousing forsaid'tube having an elongated window therein extending,substantially; in the plane of the. tube. target face,- mea-ns mountingsaid housing-upon'said support in anoverhangingrelation with respectthereto and substantially on the axis of said annular weld, said tubebeing so arranged that the plane of the target thereof is substantiallyparallel with the plane of the annular weld.

15. Industrial X-ray apparatus for radiographing annular welds in ametal cylinder, said apparatus comprising a support adapted to bearranged within said cylinder, an X-ray tube, a housing for said tubehaving an elongated window therein, means mounting said tube housingupon said support with the longitudinal axis of said tube extendingsubstantially along the longitudinal axis of said cylinder, saidmounting means being adjustable to permit rotative movement of said tubeabout its axis.

16. Industrial X-ray apparatus comprising an elongated X-ray tubehousing including a base fixture, hollow conical extensions projectingfrom the lower side of said base fixture, insulating tubes secured tothe outermost ends of said conical extensions and extending upwardlythrough said extensions, an X-ray tube mounted on the ends of said tubesabove said base fixture, a recessed shell arranged over said tub andremovably secured around the edge thereof to said base fixture, anelongate window in the upper surface of said shell extending at rightangles with respect to the axis of said tube, and means secured to saidbase fixture for supporting said housing.

17. Industrial X-ray apparatus comprising an X-ray tube housingincluding a base fixture, a pair of spaced tubular extensions projectingdownwardly from said base fixture, an insulating tube secured in theouter end of each of said extensions, said tubes extending upwardlythrough said tubular extensions in a spaced relation with respectthereto to a point above the upper surface of said base fixture,insulating means closing the upper ends of said insulating tubes,terminal means extending through said last mentioned insulating means,an X-ray tube secured at its opposite ends to the upper ends of saidinsulating tubes and supported thereby above said base fixture, theelectrodes of said tube connected to said terminal means, a recessedshell arranged over said tube in a spaced relation with respect theretoand removably secured around its edge to said base fixture, an elongatedwindow in said shell and extending thereacross to substantiallydiametrically opposite points with respect to said tube and meanssecured to said base fixture for supporting said housing.

18. Industrial X-ray apparatus comprising an X-ray tube housingincluding a base fixture, a Pair of spaced tubular extensions projectingdownwardly from said base fixture, an insulating tube secured in theoutermost end of each of said xtensions, said tubes extending upwardlythrough said extensions in a spaced relation with respect thereto to apoint above the upper surface of said base fixture, terminalmeansclosing the upper ends of said tubes, an X-ray tube mounted at itsopposite ends upon the upper ends of said insulating tubes, a recessedshell arranged over said tube and removably secured around its edge tosaid base fixture, an upper wall portion of said shell beingsubstantially uniformly spaced from said tube throughout substantiallyonehalf of the circumference of said tube, an elongate window in saidwall portion extending radially of said tube, supporting means for saidhousing secured to said base fixture, said supporting means extendingfrom one end of said housing and being rotatabl to permit rotativeadjustments of said tube substantially about the axis thereof.

19. Industrial X-ray apparatus comprising an X-ray tube housingincluding a base fixture, an X-ray tube having a spaced apart target andfilament, insulating means supporting said tube upon said base fixture,a. recessed shell arranged around said tube and removably secured aboutthe edge thereof to said base fixture, a ray emitting window in saidshell extending around said tube in a plane substantially parallel with'the face of said target, said window being so arranged in said shellwith respect to said tube that radiations are permitted to passtherethrough throughout substantially 360 degrees.

CORMACK E. BOUCHER.

